• Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen peroxide
  • Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen peroxide

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen peroxide

Incazelo emfushane:

I-chemical formula ye-hydrogen peroxide yi-H2O2, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hydrogen peroxide.Ukubukeka kuwuketshezi olungenambala obala, luyi-oxidant enamandla, isixazululo saso esinamanzi silungele ukukhishwa kwamagciwane esilonda sezokwelapha kanye nokubulala amagciwane emvelo kanye nokubulala amagciwane ekudleni.


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Omaka bomkhiqizo

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen peroxide

I-chemical formula ye-hydrogen peroxide yi-H2O2, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hydrogen peroxide.Ukubukeka kuwuketshezi olungenambala obala, luyi-oxidant enamandla, isixazululo saso esinamanzi silungele ukukhishwa kwamagciwane esilonda sezokwelapha kanye nokubulala amagciwane emvelo kanye nokubulala amagciwane ekudleni.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izobola ibe amanzi nomoya-mpilo, kodwa izinga lokubola lihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi isivinini sokusabela siyasheshisa ngokungeza i-catalyst - i-manganese dioxide noma imisebe ye-short-wave.

Izici ezingokomzimba

Isixazululo esinamanzi siwuketshezi olungenambala olubonisa ngale, oluncibilika emanzini, etshwaleni, ether, futhi olungancibiliki ku-benzene ne-petroleum ether.

I-hydrogen peroxide ehlanzekile iwuketshezi olukhanyayo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhanyayo olunephuzu lokuncibilika elingu--0.43 ° C kanye nendawo yokubilisa engu-150.2 ° C. I-hydrogen peroxide ehlanzekile izoshintsha ukucushwa kwayo kwamangqamuzana, ngakho-ke indawo yokuncibilika nayo izoshintsha.Ukuminyana okuqinile endaweni yokubanda kwakungu-1.71 g/, futhi ukuminyana kuyehla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka.Inezinga elikhulu lokuhlangana kune-H2O, ngakho-ke iphoyinti layo le-dielectric kanye nokubilisa liphakeme kunamanzi.I-hydrogen peroxide ehlanzekile izinzile, futhi ichithwa ngobudlova emanzini kanye nomoya-mpilo lapho ishisa ku-153 ° C. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ayikho i-intermolecular hydrogen bond ku-hydrogen peroxide.

I-hydrogen peroxide inomphumela oqinile we-oxidation ezintweni eziphilayo futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-oxidizing.

Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali

1. I-Oxidative
(Umbala omhlophe womthofu emdwebeni kawoyela [i-lead carbonate eyisisekelo] uzosabela nge-hydrogen sulfide emoyeni ukuze kwakheke i-black lead sulfide, engagezwa nge-hydrogen peroxide)
(idinga i-alkaline medium)

2. Ukunciphisa
3. Ku-10 ml wesisombululo sesampula esingu-10%, engeza u-5 ml wesisombululo sokuhlola i-sulfuric acid dilute (TS-241) kanye ne-1 ml yesisombululo sokuhlola se-potassium permanganate (TS-193).
Kufanele kube nama-bubbles futhi umbala we-potanganum permanganate uyanyamalala.I-acidic ku-litmus.Uma kuyi-organic matter, iyaqhuma.
4. Thatha i-1 g yesampula (enembile ku-0.1 mg) bese uhlanza ku-250.0 ml ngamanzi.U-25 ml walesi sixazululo uthathwe, futhi u-10 ml wesisombululo sokuhlola i-sulfuric acid ehlanjululwe (TS-241) yengezwe, kulandele i-titration ne-0.1 mol/L ye-potassium permanganate.0.1 mol/L ml ngayinye.I-Potassium permanganate ihambisana ne-1.70 mg ye-hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. Endabeni yezinto eziphilayo, ukushisa, ukukhululwa kwe-oksijeni namanzi, uma kwenzeka i-chromic acid, i-potassium permanganate, i-metal powder yasabela ngobudlova.Ukuze uvimbele ukubola, kungase kwengezwe inani elincane le-stabilizer efana ne-sodium stannate, i-sodium pyrophosphate noma okunye.
6. I-hydrogen peroxide iyi-asidi ebuthakathaka kakhulu: i-H2O2 = (ibuyiselwa emuva) = H++HO2-(Ka = 2.4 x 10-12).Ngakho-ke, i-peroxide yensimbi ingabhekwa njengosawoti wayo.

Inhloso eyinhloko

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kuhlukaniswe ngokwezokwelapha, ezempi nezimboni.Ukukhipha amagciwane nsuku zonke yi-hydrogen peroxide yezokwelapha.I-hydrogen peroxide yezokwelapha ingabulala amagciwane e-pathogenic amathumbu, i-pyogenic cocci, ne-pathogenic yeast, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane ebusweni bezinto.I-hydrogen peroxide inomphumela we-oxidation, kodwa ukugxila kwe-hydrogen peroxide yezokwelapha kuyalingana noma kungaphansi kuka-3%.Uma isulwa endaweni yesilonda, izoshisa, ingaphezulu lizokwenziwa nge-oxidized libe mhlophe kanye nebhamuza, futhi lingagezwa ngamanzi.Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-3-5 Buyisela ithoni yesikhumba sokuqala.

Imboni yamakhemikhali isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni i-sodium perborate, i-sodium percarbonate, i-peracetic acid, i-sodium chlorite, i-thiourea peroxide, njll., ama-oxidizing agents afana ne-tartaric acid namavithamini.Imboni yemithi isetshenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane, isibulala-magciwane, kanye ne-oxidant ekukhiqizeni i-thiram kanye namalitha angama-40 ezinto ezilwa namagciwane.Imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuxutshwa kwezindwangu zikakotini nanjenge-ejenti yokufaka imibala yokudaya i-vat.Ukususwa kwensimbi nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo lapho kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni usawoti wensimbi noma ezinye izinhlanganisela.Ibuye isetshenziswe ezindaweni zokugeza ze-electroplating ukususa ukungcola okungaphili futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezipuletiwe.Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuxubha uvolo, usilika ongahluziwe, uphondo lwendlovu, i-pulp, amafutha, njll. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen peroxide kungasetshenziswa njengesibaseli samandla erokhethi.

Ukusetshenziswa Civil: ukubhekana nephunga lesitamuko sasekhishini, ekhemisi ukuthenga i-hydrogen peroxide kanye namanzi kanye nempushana yokuwasha kumgudu wokuhambisa indle kungangcoliswa, kubulawe amagciwane, kubulawe inzalo;

I-3% ye-hydrogen peroxide (ibanga lezokwelapha) yokubulala amagciwane esilondeni.

Umthetho wezimboni

Indlela yokukhiqiza i-alkaline hydrogen peroxide: i-electrode yomoya ene-krypton yokukhiqiza i-alkaline hydrogen peroxide, ebonakala ngokuthi ipheya ngalinye lama-electrode lakhiwe ipuleti le-anode, i-plastic mesh, i-cation membrane kanye ne-helium-containing air cathode, phezulu. kanye neziphetho eziphansi zendawo yokusebenza ye-electrode.Kukhona igumbi lokusabalalisa lokufaka uketshezi kanye negumbi lokuqoqa lokukhipha uketshezi, futhi i-orifice ihlelwe endaweni yokungena uketshezi, futhi i-electrode enezingxenye eziningi isebenzisa indlela yokuxhuma yochungechunge olulinganiselwe lwe-dipole ukuze kunwebe ukuthamba kwepulasitiki kwe-anode ejikelezayo. i-alkali water inlet kanye ne-outlet.Ngemuva kokuthi ithubhu ixhunywe ku-liquid collection manifold, iqembu lezingxenye eziningi ze-electrode lihlanganiswa yi-unit plate.

Indlela ye-Phosphoric acid neutralization: ibonakala ngokuthi ilungiswa ngesisombululo se-sodium peroxide enamanzi ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

(1) Isixazululo esinamanzi se-sodium peroxide sincishiswa ku-pH ye-9.0 kuya ku-9.7 nge-phosphoric acid noma i-sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 ukuze kwakhe isixazululo esinamanzi se-Na2HPO4 ne-H2O2.

(2) Isixazululo esinamanzi se-Na2HPO4 kanye ne-H2O2 sipholiswe ku-+5 kuya ku--5 °C ukuze iningi le-Na2HPO4 libe nemvula njenge-Na2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.

(3) Ingxube equkethe i-Na2HPO4 • I-10H 2 O hydrate kanye nesisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide enamanzi yahlukaniswa ngesihlukanisi se-centrifugal ukuze kuhlukaniswe amakristalu e-Na 2HPO 4 • 10H 2 O enanini elincane le-Na 2 HPO 4 kanye nesisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide enamanzi.

(4) Isixazululo esinamanzi esinenani elincane le-Na2HPO4 ne-hydrogen peroxide sahwamuka ku-evaporator ukuze kutholakale umhwamuko oqukethe i-H2O2 ne-H2O, kanye nengxube kasawoti egxilile ye-Na2HPO4 equkethe i-hydrogen peroxide yakhishwa phansi futhi yabuyiselwa ethangini le-neutralization. .

(5) Isitimu esiqukethe i-H2O2 ne-H2O singaphansi kwe-fractional distillation ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe ukuze sithole cishe umkhiqizo ongu-30% we-H2O2.

Indlela ye-Electrolytic sulfuric acid: i-electrolyzed 60% sulfuric acid ukuthola i-peroxodisulfuric acid, bese i-hydrolyzed ukuze kutholwe ukuhlangana kwe-hydrogen peroxide engama-95%.

Indlela ye-2-Ethyl oxime: Indlela eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwezikali zezimboni yindlela ye-2-ethyl oxime (EAQ).2-ethyl hydrazine ezingeni lokushisa elithile.

Amandla ahlangana ne-hydrogen ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst yakhe i-2-ethylhydroquinone, futhi i-2-ethylhydroquinone ikhiqiza umoya-mpilo onomoya-mpilo ezingeni elithile lokushisa nokucindezela.

Ukusabela kokunciphisa, i-2-ethylhydroquinone yehliswa ukuze yakhe i-2-ethyl hydrazine futhi i-hydrogen peroxide iyakhiwa.Ngemva kokukhipha, kutholwa isixazululo esinamanzi se-hydrogen peroxide, futhi ekugcineni sihlanzwe nge-hydrocarbon enamakha esindayo ukuze kutholwe isixazululo esifanelekayo se-hydrogen peroxide, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hydrogen peroxide.Iningi lale nqubo lisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-hydrogen peroxide engu-27.5%, futhi isisombululo esiphezulu se-hydrogen peroxide enamanzi (esifana no-35%, 50% we-hydrogen peroxide) singatholakala ngokuxubha.


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