Inkinga yempahla esetshenziswayo ihlezi iyinkinga enkulu ekhungethe imboni yezamandla, kanti futhi yinkinga okumele imboni ibhekane nayo futhi iyixazulule.
Ngokwemigomo nezimiso eziyisisekelo ezingakusebenzisi ukudla futhi ezingahlali endaweni elinywayo, izwe lami selisebenzise amasu okushintsha okungelona okusanhlamvu avela “OHlelweni Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nanye Yeminyaka Emihlanu”.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-biomass ingabandakanya isisombululo esiphelele sezolimo, amahlathi, izimboni, amandla kanye nemvelo, kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ingaletha isimo sokuwina kuzo zonke izici. Ukwandiswa kwempahla eluhlaza ye-ethanol yaseShayina kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ebandakanya ukutshalwa kokuqoqwa nokulungiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Izitshalo zamandla, izitshalo ngisho ne-microalgae, izitshalo zasemanzini, njll.
Okokuqala nje, ngokwezolimo namahlathi, ukutshalwa kwesitashi noma izinto ezingavuthiwe zikashukela ezifana nezikhiqiza kakhulu, eziyinyumba, kanye nezokulwa nokuhlehla okuhle kufanele kutshalwe. Ukuqeda umhlaba oseceleni, i-saline -alkali, izingwadule, njll., itshalwe ngobuningi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol yamafutha; ngasikhathi sinye, kuthuthukiswe ukuvuna ngemishini okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuhlanganisa, ukwakheka kwendawo, ukugcinwa, ezokuthutha kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Okwesibili, mayelana nokuphathwa kwemvelo, ingahlanganisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba kanye nokutshala irayisi eliyingxube yesivuno esikhulu. Isetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol yamafutha. Kodwa-ke, kufanele iphathwe ngokuqinile ukugwema ukugeleza etafuleni.
Kuhlanganiswe nokulawulwa kwamanzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ze-duckweed ezifana nezitshalo ze-duckweed kanye ne-microalgae efana ne-duckweed emfishane njenge-duckweed kanye nokunye okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-starch fiber kusetshenziswa njengempahla engaba khona ye-biomass liquid fuels esikhathini esizayo.
Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kokhula lwasolwandle olukhulu (ulwelwe olunsundu, ulwelwe olubomvu, njll.) olucebile ngesitashi, i-fiber kanye ne-polysaccharides yasolwandle lungasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ngamandla amandla okuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokubasa eziwuketshezi ezifana nesitashi, i-fiber, nama-polysaccharides olwandle.
Mayelana noxhaso lukahulumeni, i-Anhui Fengyuan Biochemical Co., Ltd. isetshenziswa njengesibonelo. Ngo-2005, inkampani yaxhasa i-1,883 yuan ngethani likaphethiloli ethanol.
Njengamanje, isizukulwane sokuqala sikaphethiloli esisezingeni le-ethanol esihambisana nokusanhlamvu njengoba impahla eluhlaza ingu-300 yuan/ton, izinga le-1.5 -generation fuel ethanol subsidy elinomdumbula njengezinto zokusetshenziswa lingu-500 yuan/ton, kanti eyesibili -isizukulwane sesibili se-ethanol standard yi-800 yuan/ton.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ethanol ene-fibrous, uphethiloli owuketshezi othembisayo, kufanele inikeze ukusekela okuqinile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obuphambili; ezimbonini ezithengiswayo ze-fiber ethanol, uxhaso olufanele kanye nezinzuzo zentela kufanele zinikezwe ngokwezindleko zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni kaphethiloli ethanol kufanele iqinise eyayo inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwelulwa kochungechunge lwezimboni, futhi yakhe imboni yokuhluza i-biological ekhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningi ukuze kwehliswe izindleko. Kukholakala ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhuphuka kwentengo kawoyela, i-ethanol kaphethiloli izogcina iqede ukuncika emalini kahulumeni.
Ikhasi 2:Amagama e-ethanol aphinde avuka futhi
Ngemva kokuba abaholi be-Seventh Kingdom Group behlele ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela emhlabeni wonke ngo-2100, yasungulwa ngo-2100. Amazwi emboni mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla emvelo, ikakhulukazi i-ethanol yamafutha.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elisha, ukuze kugcinwe izinsiza zokudla ezibalulekile, ukugaya kanye nokuguqulwa kommbila (1638, -1.00, -0.06%), ukolweni nezinye izinhlamvu eziguga, izwe lami lakhiwe izinkampani ezintsha ze-ethanol ezingu-4 eJilin, I-Henan, ne-Anhui endaweni yokusanhlamvu yezimpahla. Izinkampani ezihlobene zithole uxhaso lwamanani oluhle kakhulu. Isibonelo, umxhaso wezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-ethanol kaphethiloli ongewona wokudla okusanhlamvu amayuan angu-750 ngethani, i-cellulose ethanol ingu-1200 yuan ngethani, futhi ujabulele u-100% VAT, okokuqala, futhi ukhiphe u-5% wentela yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli Linda izaphulelo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-ethanol kaphethiloli yezwe lami iqongelele ulwazi oluthile ekuqongeleleni ubuchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza, nokujikeleza nokusetshenziswa, futhi inesisekelo esingcono sentuthuko emaphakathi.
Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nemigomo elindelekile, isimo samanje se-fuel ethanol asenelisi. Kunezingqinamba ezimbili zentuthuko zangempela: eyodwa iyisiqinisekiso sempahla eluhlaza, kanti enye amandla emakethe.
Ngokuphathelene nesiqinisekiso sempahla eluhlaza, okusanhlamvu okuguga kwamanje ezweni lami sekudliwe kakade, futhi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokugcina ukudla, okusanhlamvu okusha okunolaka kuya ngokuya kuncipha, futhi okusanhlamvu okuluhlaza kuya kuncipha. Ngaso leso sikhathi, mayelana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusanhlamvu nokungewona okusanhlamvu, umzila wamanje ongasanhlamvu uthatha phezulu, ngakho-ke imigudu eyinhloko yezinto ezingavuthiwe umdumbula, amabele amnandi, utshani, kanye nensalela yezokulima nezolimo. ukucutshungulwa kwamahlathi. Nokho, umdumbula ukude nesilinganiso sokutshala. Amabele amnandi ngokuvamile alungele ukutshalwa emabhishi asogwini. Nakuba kunezinsiza eziningi, isifunda sihlakazeke kakhulu, futhi kusenzima kakhulu ukugxilisa ingqondo. Ngakho-ke, uma ungakwazi ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa ezishibhile nezisebenzayo, i-ethanol yamafutha ifana nerayisi elingenalayisi.
Mayelana nomthamo wemakethe, ngemuva kokuthi iqoqo lokuqala lamaphrojekthi amane e-ethanol kaphethiloli eqale ukusebenza, umbuso uye wavala ngokulandelana futhi wakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli we-ethanol ngengxenye engu-10% ye-ethanol kaphethiloli e-Heilongjiang, Jilin, Henan, Anhui kanye ezinye izifundazwe. Isifunda, kanye nezinye izindawo zaseHubei, eHebei, eShandong, eJiangsu, nase-Inner Mongolia. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuthandwa kwesifunda kokukhuthazwa kwe-ethanol kaphethiloli kuncane, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kunqunyelwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesamba sesamba sikaphethiloli wezimoto, izinkomo eziyisishiyagalolunye. Ngokusobala, uphethiloli we-ethanol ungenelwa ngokuqinile yinqubomgomo, futhi imakethe ikude nokuvula.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze unike amandla i-ethanol kaphethiloli wasekhaya ukuthi ibe yimboni, kuyadingeka ukweseka isisekelo sokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe esifana nemboni; ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukukhuthazwa kwe-ethanol petroli nokwandisa isidingo. Ukwengeza, umkhawulo odingekayo kufanele umiswe ukuze ugweme ukugijima futhi wenze ukweqisa okukhulu ngesikhathi esifushane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-14-2022