NgoJulayi 11, umhlangano weSino US Exchange on Clean Transportation Fuels and Air Pollution Prevention wawubanjelwe eBeijing. Emhlanganweni, ochwepheshe abafanelekile abavela embonini ye-biofuel yase-US kanye nochwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo baseShayina bahlanganyele ngolwazi lwabo ngezihloko ezinjengokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa komoya, kanye nolwazi lokukhuthazwa kukaphethiloli we-ethanol wase-US.
UChai Fahe, owayeyiphini likamongameli we-Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, uthe eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindawo eziningi eChina bezilokhu zichayeka ekungcoleni kobungu. Ngokwesifunda, isifunda saseBeijing Tianjin Hebei kuseyisifunda esinokungcoliswa komoya okubi kakhulu.
U-Liu Yongchun, ongumcwaningi we-Ecological Environment Research Center ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences, uthe ohlelweni lokuhlaziya izimbangela zokungcoliswa komoya eChina, kutholakale ukuthi izinkomba zokungcola ngakunye kulula ukufinyelela ezingeni, kodwa izinkomba ze-particle matter kwakunzima ukuzilawula. Izimbangela ezibanzi zaziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izinhlayiya ezakhiwe ukuguqulwa kwesibili kwezinto ezingcolile ezihlukahlukene zadlala indima enkulu ekwakhekeni kwenkungu.
Njengamanje, ukukhishwa kwezimoto ezimotweni sekuphenduke umthombo obalulekile wokungcola komoya kwesifunda, okuhlanganisa i-carbon monoxide, ama-hydrocarbon nama-nitrogen oxides, i-PM (i-particulate matter, soot) namanye amagesi ayingozi. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolile kuhlobene eduze nekhwalithi yamafutha.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, izehlakalo “zentuthu yesithombe” e-Los Angeles nakwezinye izindawo e-United States zaholela ngokuqondile ekumenyezweni kwe-United States Federal Clean Air Act. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-United States yaphakamisa ukukhuthaza uphethiloli we-ethanol. Umthetho Womoya Ohlanzekile ube yisenzo sokuqala sokukhuthaza uphethiloli we-ethanol e-United States, uhlinzeka ngesisekelo esisemthethweni sokuthuthukiswa kwe-biofuel ethanol. Ngo-1979, i-United States yasungula "Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Ethanol" lukahulumeni wobumbano, futhi yaqala ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha axubile aqukethe i-ethanol engu-10%.
I-biofuel ethanol iyisithuthukisi senombolo ye-octane engeyona enobuthi enhle kakhulu ne-oxygenator engezwe kuphethiloli. Uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli ojwayelekile, uphethiloli we-ethanol we-E10 (uphethiloli oqukethe u-10% we-biofuel ethanol) unganciphisa i-PM2.5 ngaphezu kuka-40%. Ukuqapha kwezemvelo okwenziwa umnyango kazwelonke wokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezifundeni lapho kukhuthazwa khona uphethiloli we-ethanol kukhombisa ukuthi uphethiloli we-ethanol unganciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-carbon monoxide, ama-hydrocarbon, ama-particle kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi ekukhishweni kwezimoto.
Umbiko wocwaningo othi “Impact of Ethanol Gasoline on Air Quality” ekhishwe kuNgqungquthela Yesihlanu Kazwelonke Ye-Ethanol Yonyaka iphinde yabonisa ukuthi i-ethanol inganciphisa i-PM2.5 eyinhloko ekukhishweni kwemoto. Ukwengeza u-10% we-ethanol kaphethiloli kuphethiloli ojwayelekile wezimoto ezijwayelekile kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiya ngo-36%, kanti ezimotweni ezikhipha umoya ophakeme, kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiyana ngo-64.6%. Izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ku-PM2.5 yesibili zihlobene ngokuqondile nokuqukethwe kwe-aromatics kuphethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethanol ukufaka esikhundleni sama-aromatics kuphethiloli kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-PM2.5 yesibili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphethiloli we-ethanol ungaphinda unciphise ukukhishwa kokunukubezeka okunobuthi njengamadiphozithi egunjini elivuthayo lezinjini zezimoto ne-benzene, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kweziguquli ze-automobile exhaust catalytic.
Nge-biofuel ethanol, amazwe angaphandle nawo akhathazekile ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinga elikhulu kungase kube nomthelela ezindlekweni zokudla. Kodwa-ke, uJames Miller, owayeyiPhini likaNobhala woMnyango Wezamandla waseMelika kanye noSihlalo we-Agricultural and Biofuel Policy Advisory Company, obekhona emhlanganweni, uthe iBhange Lomhlaba nalo labhala iphepha eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Bathe empeleni amanani okudla aphazanyiswa amanani kawoyela, hhayi ama-biofuels. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bioethanol ngeke kuthinte kakhulu intengo yempahla yokudla.
Njengamanje, uphethiloli we-ethanol osetshenziswa eChina wakhiwe ngophethiloli ojwayelekile ongu-90% no-10% we-ethanol kaphethiloli. I-China ibilokhu iphromotha i-ethanol kaphethiloli iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kusukela ngo-2002. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-China igunyaze amabhizinisi ayisikhombisa e-ethanol ukuthi akhiqize i-ethanol kaphethiloli, futhi yenza ukukhuthazwa kokusebenza okuvaliwe komshayeli ezifundeni ezingu-11, okuhlanganisa i-Heilongjiang, i-Liaoning, i-Anhui ne-Shandong. Kusukela ngo-2016, i-China ikhiqize amathani angaba yizigidi ezingu-21.7 we-ethanol kaphethiloli kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-25.51 e-carbon dioxide alingana nayo.
Isibalo sezimoto e-Beijing Tianjin Hebei kanye nezindawo ezizungezile silinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-60, kodwa isifunda saseBeijing Tianjin Hebei asizange sifakwe kumshayeli we-ethanol wamafutha.
U-Wu Ye, iphini likamongameli weSikole Sezemvelo saseNyuvesi yaseTsinghua, uthe ukukhuluma ngobuqotho, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli we-ethanol ngefomula enengqondo akuzange kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nokusetshenziswa kwamandla; Ezakhiweni ezihlukene zikaphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo kuhlukile, kuyanda futhi kuyancipha. Ukukhuthazwa kukaphethiloli we-ethanol onengqondo esifundeni sase-Beijing Tianjin Hebei kunomthelela omuhle ekunciphiseni i-PM2.5. Uphethiloli we-Ethanol usengahlangabezana nezinga likazwelonke elingu-6 lamamodeli ezimoto ezilawula ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-26-2022