Njengamanje, i-ethanol ye-biological fuel fuel ikhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-70 ngonyaka, futhi kunenqwaba yamazwe nezifunda ezizosebenzisa i-bio-fuel ethanol. Umphumela waminyaka yonke wama-biofuels e-biofuels e-United States naseBrazil usufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-44.22 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.118, okukleliswe phakathi kwamabili aphezulu emhlabeni, okubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-80 % engqikithi yomhlaba. Imboni ye-bio-fuel ethanol iyimboni ejwayelekile eqhutshwa yinqubomgomo. I-United States kanye ne-Brazil ekugcineni sebengene emgwaqeni ogxile emakethe ngokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo yezezimali neyentela kanye nokuqiniswa komthetho okuqinile, okwenza ulwazi lwentuthuko oluthuthukisiwe.
Umuzwa waseMelika
Indlela yaseMelika iwukwenza i-biofuel ethanol ukuze kushaywe umthetho kanye nokugcinwa komthetho okuqinile, futhi umklamo wezinga eliphezulu uhlanganiswa nesethi yonke yezindlela zokuqalisa.
1. Umthetho. Ngo-1978, i-United States yamemezela "Umthetho Wesilinganiso Sentela Yamandla" ukuze kwehliswe intela yemali engenayo yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi be-biofurate ethanol futhi uvule imakethe yezicelo.Ngo-1980, ukukhishwa komthethosivivinywa kwabeka amanani aphezulu e-ethanol evela e-Brazil ukuvikela izwe. Ngo-2004, i-United States yaqala ukunikeza uxhaso lwezimali kubathengisi be-ethanol ye-biofuel, u-$151 ithani ngalinye. i-biofuel ethanol.
2. Ukugcinwa komthetho okuqinile. Iminyango kahulumeni efana noMnyango Wezinsiza Zomoya, I-Environmental Protection Bureau, kanye ne-Taxation Bureau isebenzisa ngokuqinile imithetho neziqondiso nezinqubomgomo, futhi ilawule futhi ilawule amabhizinisi nababambiqhaza okuhlanganisa abakhiqizi, iziteshi zikaphethiloli, abalimi bombila. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemithetho neziqondiso nezinqubomgomo, i-United States iphinde yakhe “Amazinga Amandla Avuselelwayo” (RFS). Ngaphezu kokuthi mangakanani ama-biofuel okumele asetshenziswe e-United States unyaka ngamunye, i-Environmental Protection Agency isebenzisa “uhlelo lwenombolo yokulandelana kwamandla avuselelekayo” (RIN) ezingeni lokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-biofuel ethanol ifakwa ngempela kuphethiloli.
3. Yakha i-cellulose fuel ethanol. Iqhutshwa yisidingo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala, eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-United States ithuthukise izinqubomgomo zokuthuthukisa i-cellulose fuel ethanol. Ngo-2007, uMnyango Wezolimo wase-US wamemezela ukuthi uzohlinzeka ngo-$ 1.6 billion ekuxhaseni ngemali ye-cellulose fuel ethanol.
Kuthembela kule mithetho kanye neziqondiso kanye nezinhlelo zokuqalisa ukuthi ezithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni, umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu, umkhiqizo ophumelele kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa okuyimpumelelo, futhi ekugcineni waqala indlela yentuthuko egxile ezimakethe.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaseBrazil
I-Brazil ithuthukise imboni ye-biofuel ethanol ngomthetho othambekele emakethe wohlelo lwangaphambilini “lwe-National Alcohol Plan” kumthethonqubo ogxile emakethe.
1. “Uhlelo Lwesizwe Lotshwala”. Lolu hlelo luholwa ikomidi le-Brazilian Sugar kanye ne-ethanol kanye ne-Brazilian National Petroleum Corporation, okuhlanganisa izinqubomgomo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezindleko zentengo, ukuhlela okuphelele, izaphulelo zentela, uxhaso lukahulumeni, kanye namazinga wesilinganiso sokulawula ukungenelela okuqinile nokulawulwa kwe-ethanol yebhayoloji. imboni. Ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo kukhuthaze ukusungulwa kwesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-biofuel ethanol.
2. Ipholisi iyaphuma. Kusukela ekhulwini elisha leminyaka, iBrazil iye yehlisa kancane kancane imizamo yenqubomgomo, yanciphisa imingcele yamanani entengo, futhi iye yafakwa intengo yimakethe.Ngasikhathi sinye, uhulumeni waseBrazil ugqugquzela ngentshiseko izimoto zikaphethiloli eziguquguqukayo. amanani kaphethiloli namanani e-biofuel ethanol, ngaleyo ndlela ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-bio -fuel ethanol.
Izici zokuthuthuka zomkhakha we-ethanol webhayoloji waseBrazil sezigxile emakethe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-23-2023