Ngokombiko wesizindalwazi sephephabhuku lase-US elithi “Business Week” ngoJanuwari 6, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-biofuels akubizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuletha ukulimala kwemvelo nokukhuphuka kwamanani okudla.
Ngokwemibiko, ngo-2007, i-United States yashaya umthetho wokukhiqiza amalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9 kaphethiloli ohlanganisiwe ngo-2008, futhi lesi sibalo sizokhuphukela kumalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-36 ngo-2022. i-ethanol yommbila kanye namalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.75 wama-biofuels athuthukisiwe akhiqizwa ngamapulangwe kanye nommbila amakhoba. Ngo-2009, i-European Union nayo yabeka phambili umgomo: ngo-2020, i-ethanol kufanele ibe ngu-10% wesamba sikaphethiloli wezokuthutha. Nakuba izindleko zokukhiqiza i-ethanol ziphezulu, umnyombo wenkinga awukona lokho, ngoba lezi zinqubomgomo e-United States naseYurophu azisizi ekuxazululeni ubumpofu nezinkinga zemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethanol emhlabeni wonke kukhuphuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi kusukela ekhulwini lama-21, futhi ukunyuka kwamanani okudla emhlabeni wonke kube nomthelela omubi kwabampofu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwama-biofuels akufanelekile ukulimala ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Inqubo esuka ekutshaleni izitshalo iye ekukhiqizeni i-ethanol idinga amandla amaningi. Amahlathi abuye ashiswe ngezinye izikhathi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomhlaba zezitshalo. Ukuphendula lezi zinkinga ngokukhiqiza ama-biofuels, kokubili i-European Union ne-United States behlise imigomo yabo yokukhiqiza i-ethanol. Ngo-September 2013, iPhalamende LaseYurophu ivotele ukunciphisa okuhlosiwe okulindelekile kwe-2020 kusuka ku-10% kuya ku-6%, ivoti elizobambezela lo mthetho kuze kube ngu-2015. I-US Environmental Protection Agency iphinde yanciphisa umgomo wayo wokukhiqizwa kwe-biofuel ka-2014 kancane.
Ngokufanayo, imboni yasekhaya ye-biofuel ethanol nayo ihlangabezane nesimo esiyihlazo. Ngaphambilini, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuguga okusanhlamvu, umbuso wagunyaza ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi angu-4 okulinga ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol kaphethiloli phakathi nesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Yeminyaka Emihlanu”: Jilin Fuel Ethanol Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang China Resources Alcohol Co. , Ltd., i-Henan Tianguan Fuel Group kanye ne-Anhui Fengyuan Fuel Alcohol Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwenkampani inqubomgomo, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza wethulwa ngokushesha. Ekupheleni kuka-2005, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.02 amandla okukhiqiza i-ethanol kaphethiloli ahlelelwe futhi akhiwa amabhizinisi amane ashiwo ngenhla asefinyelele ekukhiqizeni.
Kodwa-ke, imodeli yokuqala yokukhiqiza i-biofuel ethanol ngokuthembela kummbila njengempahla eluhlaza ibonakale ingasebenzi. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokugaya okujulile, ukunikezwa kwasekhaya kokusanhlamvu okudala sekufinyelele umkhawulo, akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sempahla eluhlaza ye-ethanol yamafutha. Amanye amabhizinisi aze asebenzise kuze kufike ku-80% wezinhlamvu ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izindaba zokuvikeleka kokudla ziya ngokuya zigqama, isimo sengqondo sikahulumeni mayelana nokusetshenziswa kommbila kuphethiloli i-ethanol nayo isishintshe kakhulu.
Ngokombiko okhishwe yi-Prospective Industry Research Institute, ngo-2006, umbuso wenza isiphakamiso sokuthi “ikakhulukazi kugxilwe kokungadli futhi kugqugquzelwe ngenkuthalo futhi kancane kancane ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-biofuel ethanol”, bese kuhoxiswa amandla okugunyazwa kwawo wonke amafutha- amaphrojekthi ancike kuhulumeni omkhulu; kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2010, IKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko izikhathi ezintathu Kudingeka ukuthi kuhlanzwe ngokuphelele iphrojekthi yokucubungula ummbila. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izibonelelo zikahulumeni ezitholwe yizinkampani ezimelwe yi-COFCO Biochemical bezilokhu zincipha. Ngo-2010, izinga loxhaso oluguquguqukayo lwe-biofuel ethanol kumabhizinisi aqokiwe esiFundazweni sase-Anhui elithokozelwa yi-COFCO Biochemical lalingu-1,659 yuan/ton, nalo lalingaphansi kwamayuan angama-396 kuno-2,055 yuan ngo-2009. Nge-ethanol kaphethiloli eyenziwe ngommbila, inkampani ithole uxhaso lwama-yuan angama-500 ngethani; nge-ethanol kaphethiloli eyenziwe ngezitshalo ezingezona okusanhlamvu njenge-cassava, ithole uxhaso lwama-yuan angama-750 ngethani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMasingana wezi-2015, umbuso uzokhansela i-VAT kuqala bese ubuyisela inqubomgomo yezinkampani eziqokiwe zokukhiqiza i-ethanol kaphethiloli, ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ethanol kaphethiloli ekhiqizwe ngokusanhlamvu njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokulungiselela. kaphethiloli we-ethanol ezimotweni nawo azophinde akhokhe intela ka-5%. intela yokusetshenziswa.
Ebhekene nezinkinga zokuncintisana nabantu ngokudla nomhlaba ngokudla, indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-bioethanol ezweni lami izoba nomkhawulo esikhathini esizayo, futhi ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kuzoncipha kancane kancane, futhi amabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-biofuel ethanol azobhekana nezingcindezi ezikhulayo zezindleko. Ezinkampanini zikaphethiloli ethanol ezijwayele ukuthembela kuxhaso ukuze ziphile, amathemba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo awawona.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-30-2022